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You pull the valve springs down and pull the top retainer out. From your last photo, you need to be up higher on the spring to get the spring down far enough. It is not that easy, takes some work. Then the guides and spring and everything is removed through the top as an assemble. This can sometimes be very difficult!!! If all else fails you can cut the valve in half and get the pieces out and then drive the guides out. Again, this whole process can be very difficult, took me most of a day on my last engine and I had to cut almost all of the valve. The valve spring keepers (locks) are located at the end of the valve in the retainers (next to the lifters). Have to have the springs loose to remove them. Sometimes they will come out if you raise the bottom of the spring and retainers up with a fairly fast jolt.